Gratitud eterna para los fundadores de la docencia médica en Cienfuegos

En el marco de los 40 años de la docencia médica en Cienfuegos, este artículo constituye un pequeño, pero sincero, homenaje para sus fundadores. El primer grupo de alumnos de 3er año de la carrera de Medicina, llegó en septiembre de 1980 al Hospital Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima, de Cienfuegos. En este trabajo se hace una relatoría de los primeros trabajadores de la Unidad Docente, que radicó donde se encuentra hoy la oficina del Consejo Científico, la distribución de los alumnos y profesores por salas, la ubicación de los primeros albergues, las primeras actividades científicas, hoy Fórum Científico Estudiantil, el Movimiento de alumnos ayudantes, actividades extracurriculares: la primera actividad por el día de la mujer, las primeras celebraciones por el día del Educador, el primer chequeo de emulación de los tres centros de educación superior de la provincia, el inicio de las manifestaciones de la cultura, entre otros aspectos, anécdotas y comentarios.

Within the framework of 40 years of medical teaching in Cienfuegos, this article constitutes a small, but sincere, tribute to its founders. The first group of 3rd year Medicine students arrived in September 1980 at the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima Hospital in Cienfuegos. In this work, a report is made of the first workers of the Teaching Unit, which was located where the office of the Scientific Council is today, the distribution of students and teachers by rooms, the location of the first hostels, the first scientific activities, today the Student Scientific Forum, the Movement of student assistants, extracurricular activities: the first activity for Women's Day, the first celebrations for Educator's Day, the first emulation check of the three higher education centers in the province, the beginning of the manifestations of culture, among other aspects, anecdotes and comments.

Are patient volume and care level in teaching hospitals variables affecting clinical outcomes in adult intensive care units?

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of teaching (HI) and nonteaching (without an academic affiliation; H2) hospitals. Methods In this prospective cohort study, adult patients hospitalized between August 2018 and July 2019, with a minimum length of stay of 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were included. Patients with no essential information in their medical records to evaluate the study outcomes were excluded. Results Overall, 219 patients participated in this study. The clinical and demographic characteristics of patients in H1 and H2 were similar. The most prevalent clinical outcomes were death, need for dialysis, pressure injury, length of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation >48 hours, and infection, all of which were more prevalent in the teaching hospital. Conclusion Worse outcomes were more prevalent in the teaching hospital. There was no difference between the institutions concerning the survival rate of patients as a function of length of hospital stay; however, a difference was observed in intensive care unit admissions.

Application of PBL/CBL combined scenario simulation in position-transition training for general practitioner / 中华全科医师杂志

Forty trainees who underwent position-transition training for general practitioner in the Affiliated Huai′an First People′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2021 to July 2022 were randomly divided into the control group and the trial group with 20 in each group. The traditional teaching methods were applied in control group and the problem-based learning/case-based learning (PBL/CBL) combined scenario simulation teaching method were applied in trial group. The effect of the two teaching methods was evaluated by the examination results and the teaching satisfaction was assessed by the questionnaire survey. The exam scores of general practice thinking, comprehensiveness of inquiry content, integrity of preliminary diagnosis, comprehensiveness of preliminary treatment, ability to deal with critical and severe cases, ability of chronic disease management and concept of holistic care in trial group were significantly higher than those in control group( t=-15.79,-15.74,-16.67,-13.66,-18.57,-18.55,-19.74,all P<0.05). The satisfaction of trainees in the trial group was also significantly higher than that in the control group in terms of teaching methods, stimulating learning interest; and improvement of independent learning ability, general practice clinical thinking, doctor-patient communication ability, teamwork ability and community problem-solving ability( χ2=12.10,10.03,12.22,10.03,8.18,10.03,8.18,all P<0.05). The study shows that PBL/CBL combined scenario simulation teaching method can improve the learning effect and satisfaction of the trainees in position-transition training for general practitioner.

Exploration and practice of TEST teaching mode for general practice residency training in the community teaching base / 中华全科医师杂志

From November 2020 to November 2021, the TEST(Task-Experience- Supervise-Thinking) teaching model was adopted for general practice residency training in teaching clinic of Changfeng Health Service Center of Shanghai Putuo district. The satisfaction of mentors, residents and patients was surveyed with self-assessment questionnaire. The satisfaction scores of mentors, residents and patients were (79.89±0.40), (79.96±0.19) and (49.92±0.40). The adaption of model TEST in teaching clinic is more effective in training of clinical competency, communication ability, management ability and narrative ability for general practice residents. It is also beneficial for mentors to upgrade their teaching ability, as well as for patients to improve their experience and satisfaction for seeking medical service. It is worth popularizing in the community practice base of general resident training.

Comparison of teaching effect of hands-on instruction versus video demonstration in forceps delivery for training residents / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of hands-on training and video demonstration in training of forceps delivery for residents.Methods:Forty nine residents who were rotating in the obstetrics department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were enrolled. The residents were randomly divided into two groups: the instructor group ( n=24) was taught by hands-on training of forceps delivery and the video group ( n=25) was instructed by watching video demonstration. All the trainees completed the self-confidence questionnaire survey, and were evaluated by written tests and objective structured assessment of technical skills scoring system. Results:The scores of self-confidence in each item after the simulation training were higher than those before training in both groups; and there were no significant differences between two groups in the increment of scores(mastering knowledge: 1.54±0.98 vs. 1.40±0.71, U=266.68, P=0.480;mastering operation skills: 1.42±0.93 vs.1.80±0.87, U=233.47, P=0.161; mastering forceps structure: 1.63±1.10 vs. 1.88±0.93, U=261.63, P=0.416; confidence in independent operation: 1.13±0.90 vs. 1.00±1.08, U=287.74, P=0.799; evaluation of simulation training: 0.21±0.51 vs. 0.16±0.55, U=288.27, P=0.776). In the written tests, the scores of the instructor group were significantly higher than those of the video group (83.00±7.18 vs.70.56±10.37; t=4.86, P<0.001). In the practical operation, the instructor group significantly outperformed the video group in items of “right blade placement” (0.71±0.46 vs. 0.20±0.41, U=147.54, P<0.001), “objective total score” (6.17±1.46 vs. 4.72±1.65, U=155.49, P=0.003) and “correct traction” (0.85±0.31 vs. 0.56±0.51, U=213.86, P=0.036). Conclusion:Training delivered via hands-on instruction and demonstration was generally more effective than that delivered via video, although both groups show a increased self-confidence in learning and performing forceps delivery.

Experiências de discentes na assistência ao parto: projeto de extensão / Excellent experiences in child care: extension project / Experiencias de los estudiantes en cuidado del parto: proyecto de extensión

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de discentes em um projeto de extensão no Centro Obstétrico de uma maternidade de alto risco de um estado do Nordeste. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, transversal com abordagem qualitativa. Os acadêmicos relataram sobre suas experiências no período de 2018.1 a 2019.2. A análise foi feita através dos discursos dos alunos e reflexão crítica dos dados necessários para a construção deste relato. Resultados: O projeto promoveu a articulação ensino-serviço, através da integração do mesmo com uma equipe multiprofissional favoreceu a humanização da assistência ao parto e nascimento. Muitas melhorias aconteceram no ambiente de trabalho devido ao incentivo do projeto, tais como a aquisição pela instituição de tecnologias não farmacológicas para o alívio da dor, a prática dos princípios da humanização do parto e nascimento saudáveis, bem como foram desenvolvidos planos assistenciais às parturientes. Conclusão: A extensão propiciou articulação do ensino-aprendizagem no serviço, através da integração interdisciplinar e multiprofissional, constituindo uma fonte de conhecimento e desenvolvimento. (AU)

Objective: To report the experience of students in an extension project in the Obstetric Center of a high-risk maternity hospital of a northeastern state. Methods: This is a descriptive study, of the type of experience report, cross-sectional with a qualitative approach. The students reported on their experiences from 2018.1 to 2019.2. The analysis was made through the students' discourses and critical reflection of the data needed to construct this report. Results: The project promoted the teaching-service articulation, through its integration with a multiprofessional team, favoring the humanization of childbirth and birth assistance. Many improvements have occurred in the work environment due to the incentive of the project, such as the acquisition by the institution of non-pharmacological technologies for pain relief, the practice of the principles of humanization of healthy childbirth and birth, as well as assistance plans for parturients. Conclusion: The extension provided articulation of teaching-learning in the service, through interdisciplinary and multiprofessional integration, constituting a source of knowledge and development. (AU)

Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia de los estudiantes en un proyecto de extensión en el Centro Obstétrico de un hospital de maternidad de alto riesgo de un estado del noreste. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, del tipo de informe de experiencia, transversal con un enfoque cualitativo. Los estudiantes informaron sobre sus experiencias de 2018.1 a 2019.2. El análisis se realizó a través de los discursos de los estudiantes y la reflexión crítica de los datos necesarios para construir este informe. Resultados: El proyecto promovió la articulación docente-servicio, a través de su integración con una equipo multiprofesional favoreció la humanización del parto y la atención al parto. Se han producido muchas mejoras en el entorno de trabajo debido al incentivo del proyecto, como la adquisición por parte de la institución de tecnologías no farmacológicas para el alivio del dolor, la práctica de los principios de humanización del parto y el nacimiento sanos, así como los planes de asistencia para los hombres parturientes. Conclusión: La extensión proporcionó la articulación de la enseñanza-aprendizaje en el servicio, a través de la integración interdisciplinaria y multiprofesional, constituyendo una fuente de conocimiento y desarrollo. (AU)

Use of tigecycline at a teaching hospital / Uso da tigeciclina em hospital de ensino

INTRODUCTION: Tigecycline is an antimicrobial agent, approved for the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections, hospital-acquired and community-acquired pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections and anaerobic or atypical infections. OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of tigecycline in a teaching hospital and to compare data from patients who had their prescriptions audited by the hospital infection committee with those who did not have audited prescriptions. METHODS: Retrospective observational cohort study conducted at a teaching hospital from April 2012 to March 2014 including patients who received tigecycline. Demographic variables, comorbidities, microbiological findings, prescribed antibiotics and technical opinions issued by the Hospital Infection Control Service were collected. RESULTS: 71 patients were included, aged between 13 and 92 years, 63.4% were male and 56.3% were non-white. Tigecycline was the first antimicrobial choice in 19.7% (14/71) of the cases, while the use associated with other antibiotics was observed in 66.2% (45/71) of the prescriptions. mainly with meropenem (28.9%). Empirical use was performed in 69.0% of cases, after culture and the antibiogram in 31.0% and off label use in 81.7%. The microorganisms frequently identified by the culture tests were Enterococcus faecalis (17.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.7%) and Klebsiella penumoniae (11.8%). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that empirical and off label use is common in clinical practice and few prescriptions were guided by the results of the culture and the antibiogram, demonstrating the need for prescribers to evaluate the benefits/ risks of using this antibiotic, risk of resistance, adverse effects and drug interactions, in addition to cost.

INTRODUÇÃO: A tigeciclina é agente antimicrobiano, aprovada para o tratamento de infecções complicadas na pele e tecidos moles, pneumonia hospitalar e adquirida na comunidade, infecções intra-abdominal e infecções anaeróbias ou atípicas. OBJETIVO: Descrever o uso da tigeciclina em hospital de ensino e comparar dados de pacientes que tiveram suas prescrições auditadas pela comissão de infecção hospitalar com os que não tiveram prescrições auditadas. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo observacional realizado em hospital de ensino de abril de 2012 a março de 2014 incluindo pacientes que receberam tigeciclina. Foram coletadas variáveis ​​demográficas, comorbidades, achados microbiológicos, antibióticos prescritos e pareceres técnicos emitidos pelo Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 71 pacientes, com idade entre 13 e 92 anos, 63,4% eram do sexo masculino e 56,3% eram não brancos. A tigeciclina foi primeira escolha antimicrobiana em 19,7% (14/71) dos casos, enquanto o uso associado a outros antibióticos foi observado em 66,2% (45/71) das prescrições. principalmente com meropenem (28,9%). O uso empírico foi realizado em 69,0% dos casos, após cultura e o antibiograma em 31,0% e o uso off label em 81,7%. Os microrganismos frequentemente identificados pelos testes de cultura foram Enterococcus faecalis (17,6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14,7%) e Klebsiella penumoniae (11,8%). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo demonstrou que o uso empírico e off label é comum na prática clínica e poucas prescrições foram orientadas pelos resultados da cultura e do antibiograma, demonstrando necessidade de prescritores avaliarem os benefícios/riscos do uso desse antibiótico, risco de resistência, efeitos adversos e interações medicamentosas, além do custo.

A percepção da saúde, espiritualidade, e religiosidade em enfermeiros de um hospital escola / The perception of spirituality and religiosity in nurses working in a teaching hospital

Objetivo Relacionar os aspectos da religiosidade/espiritualidade na prática dos enfermeiros. Método Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 31 enfermeiros de um hospital-escola do interior de SP, que responderam a um questionário estruturado da versão em português da Escala de Religiosidade Duke-DUREL modificada por Moreira-Almeida et al. Resultados Os enfermeiros disseram reconhecer a influência da religiosidade/espirtualidade no processo saúde-doença de forma positiva e retrataram já terem questionado os pacientes sobre o assunto, embora se sentissem-se desconfortáveis. A falta de tempo, medo de impor seu ponto de vista e o fato de não se sentirem preparados são relatados como dificuldades para abordarem a religiosidade e espiritualidade na prática profissional. Os enfermeiros mencionaram que adquiriram conhecimentos sobre religiosidade/espiritualidade através da própria religião, visto que o tema não era abordado na graduação e nem na educação continuada do hospital. Assim, sugerem que religiosidade/espiritualidade tornem-se disciplinas obrigatórias do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, devido à sua importância. A vivência profissional contribui diretamente com as mudanças em relação às crenças religiosas ou condutas de 10 (32%) dos enfermeiros, atribuídas à convivência com a dor e o sofrimento dos pacientes, impactando no modo de pensar e de na valorização da vida e da saúde. Conclusão Há um potencial a ser explorado pela educação continuada dos enfermeiros em relação à abordagem da religiosidade/espiritualidade, aspectos que permitirão uma assistência integral e que repercutirão no enfrentamento das situações difíceis de sofrimento por parte dos pacientes, familiares e profissionais.

Objective To relate the aspects of religiosity / spirituality in nurses' practice. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out with 31 nurses from a teaching hospital in the interior of SP, who answered a structured questionnaire of the Portuguese version of the Duke-DUREL Religiosity Scale modified by Moreira-Almeida et al. Results Nurses positively recognize the influence of religiosity / spirituality in the health-disease process, portraying that they have already questioned patients about the subject, although they felt uncomfortable. Lack of time, fear of imposing their point of view and not feeling prepared, are reported as difficulties. The nurses mention that they acquired knowledge about religiosity / spirituality in their own religion, since the topic was not addressed in undergraduate studies or in continuing education at the hospital. Thus, they suggest that religiosity / spirituality R/E may become mandatory subjects, due to its importance. Professional experience directly contributes to changes in religious beliefs or behaviors in 10 (32%) of nurses, attributed to living with patients' pain and suffering, impacting the way of thinking and valuing life and health. Conclusions There is a potential to be explored by the continuing education of nurses in relation to the approach to religiosity / spirituality, aspects that will allow comprehensive care and that will have repercussions on the facing of difficult situations of suffering by patients, families and professionals.

Application value of the case-based learning and problem-based learning dual-track teaching mode in standardized resident training of laboratory medicine / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of case-based learning (CBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) dual-track teaching mode in the standardized resident training in laboratory medicine.Methods:The students of Grade 2017 and Grade 2018, who underwent standardized resident training of laboratory medicine in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from September 2017 to June 2021, were selected in this study. Seven students of Grade 2017 were served as the traditional lecture teaching group (traditional teaching group), and 12 students of Grade 2018 were assigned to the CBL-PBL dual-track teaching mode group (CBL-PBL group). Students of the two groups received 22 months of laboratory specialty training, and underwent one admission theory assessment,two mid-term theory assessments, annual professional level test, final theory assessment, final practical skills assessment as well as questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was distributed and finished anonymously after the final assessment. Survey indicators included ability assessment on solving clinical problem, assessment on the theoretical knowledge, computer operation skill, preparation time before teaching, teaching method satisfaction degree and clinical recognition. The results were divided into 5 categories: extremely agree, agree, general, disagree and extremely disagree, respectively (ranked as 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1). The Cronbach′s α coefficient was used to analyze the reliability of the questionnaire.Results:The mid-term theory assessment, annual professional level test and assessment results of clinical outcome interpretation were significantly higher in CBL-PBL dual-track teaching mode group than those in traditional lecture teaching group (all P<0.05). The performance after standardized resident training was significantly higher in the CBL-PBL group than in the traditional teaching group ( P<0.05). The Cronbach′s α coefficient of questionnaire reliability analysis was 0.938. Parameters assessment results including improved clinical problem-solving skills, computer operation skill, the ability to analyze and solve problems, the ability of innovation and adaptation, the learning interest, the ability of autonomous learning, teaching method satisfaction and conventional application to clinical recognition scores were all significantly better in the CBL-PBL group than those in the traditional teaching group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of CBL-PBL dual-track teaching mode for the standardized resident training in laboratory medicine can effectively improve the assessment results and performance of students undergoing standardized resident training, and help to cultivate high quality medical laboratory professionals.

Evaluation of integrated teaching model based on chronic disease care clinic in general practice department of general hospital / 中华全科医师杂志

Twenty general practice residents who received training in Tongren Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were enrolled. The residents undertook rotation in chronic disease care clinic of the general medicine department, and a multi-disciplinary integrated teaching mode was applied. The theoretical knowledge test, skill assessment and self-evaluation were performed before and after rotation. The 360-degree evaluation was carried out when leaving the department (study group), the results were compared with that of internal medicine (control group) in the same period. The teaching effect was comprehensively evaluated. The scores of theoretical knowledge and skill assessment after rotation were significantly higher than those before rotation ( P<0.01). The self-evaluated ability was significantly higher than that at admission, especially in general practice thinking (7.85±0.88), doctor-patient communication (7.95±0.69), health education (7.80±0.70) and disease management (8.20±0.62) ( P<0.01). The 360-degree evaluation showed that the study group was better than the control group in interpersonal communication skills [(4.75±0.44) vs. (4.41±0.50)], system-based work ability[(4.75±0.44) vs. (4.31±0.47)], practice-based learning and improvement [(4.80±0.41) vs. (4.33±0.48)], patient care [(4.75±0.44) vs. (4.28±0.46)] and training mode satisfaction [(4.85±0.37) vs. (4.38±0.49)] (all P<0.05). The study indicates that the multi-disciplinary integrated teaching mode applied for rotation in the chronic disease care clinic of the general medicine department can improve the teaching effect and raise the teaching quality for general practice residency training.

Cesarean sections in Brazil's teaching hospitals: an analysis using Robson Classification / Cesáreas en los hospitales universitarios de Brasil: análisis empleando la clasificación de Robson / Cesáreas em hospitais de ensino no Brasil: análise de acordo com a Classificação de Robson

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the distribution of cesarean sections performed in teaching hospitals participating in the Project for Improvement and Innovation in the Care and Teaching of Obstetrics and Neonatology (Apice ON) using the Robson Classification. Methods. Cross-sectional descriptive study on cesarean sections performed at Apice ON hospitals according to the Robson Classification, using secondary data from the 2017 Live Births Information System on the year prior to project implementation, hence a baseline study. Hospitals are described according to their geographic distribution and cesarean section rates, using absolute and relative frequencies. Results. The proportions of newborns by Robson groups were similar to those proposed by the World Health Organization, except for Group 5 (with previous cesarean section) and Group 10 (preterm), with regional differences. The teaching hospitals' average cesarean section rates ranged from 24.8% to 75.1%, exceeding by far the recommended values, even in Robson groups considered low risk for cesarean section (Groups 1 to 4). Conclusions. Brazilian teaching hospitals displayed cesarean section rates higher than those recommended by the World Health Organization for all groups; a worrisome fact, as by teaching they induce attitudes in future professional practices. These results highlight the importance of a reliable information system. Monitoring and evaluation of cesarean sections using the Robson Classification can be an important tool to guide management and propose actions to reduce rates. Countries with high cesarean section rates might explore this hypothesis in their teaching hospitals in order to define policies for the reduction of their rates.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Utilizar la clasificación de Robson para determinar la distribución de las cesáreas realizadas en los hospitales universitarios que participan en el proyecto para la mejora y la innovación en la atención y la enseñanza de la obstetricia y la neonatología (Apice ON). Métodos. Se empleó la clasificación de Robson para realizar un estudio descriptivo transversal sobre las cesáreas realizadas en los hospitales del proyecto Apice ON. Se utilizaron datos secundarios procedentes del Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivos del 2017 correspondientes al año anterior a la ejecución del proyecto, a modo de estudio de referencia. Los hospitales se clasifican según su distribución geográfica y sus tasas de realización de cesáreas, usando frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados. Las proporciones de recién nacidos por grupos de Robson fueron similares a las propuestas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, a excepción de los grupos 5 (con cesárea anterior) y 10 (prematuro), con diferencias regionales. Las tasas de cesárea promedio de los hospitales universitarios variaron entre el 24,8% y el 75,1%. Estos valores superan con creces los valores recomendados, incluso para grupos de Robson considerados de bajo riesgo de cesárea (grupos 1 a 4). Conclusiones. Los hospitales universitarios de Brasil mostraron tasas de realización de cesáreas superiores a lo recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud para todos los grupos. Este hecho es preocupante, ya que estos centros pueden incentivar ciertas actitudes en la práctica de los profesionales que forman. Estos resultados ponen de relieve la importancia de un sistema de información fiable. El seguimiento y la evaluación de la realización de cesáreas mediante la clasificación de Robson puede ser una herramienta útil para guiar la gestión y proponer medidas dirigidas a reducir las tasas. Esta hipótesis puede ser de interés para aquellos países con tasas elevadas de cesárea, cuyos hospitales universitarios podrían emplear este enfoque para definir políticas de reducción de sus tasas.

RESUMO Objetivo. Determinar a distribuição dos partos cesárea realizados em hospitais de ensino integrantes do Projeto de Aprimoramento e Inovação no Cuidado e Ensino em Obstetrícia e Neonatologia (Apice ON) de acordo com a Classificação de Robson. Métodos. Estudo descritivo transversal de partos cesárea realizados em hospitais integrantes do Projeto Apice ON de acordo com a Classificação de Robson com base em dados secundários do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) de 2017 no ano anterior à implantação do projeto. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo da linha de base. A análise foi realizada segundo a distribuição geográfica e as taxas de partos cesáreas dos hospitais, com o uso de frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados. Os percentuais de recém-nascidos pelos grupos da Classificação de Robson foram similares aos propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), exceto para os grupos 5 (parto cesárea anterior) e 10 (parto prematuro), com variação regional. A taxa média de partos cesárea nos hospitais de ensino oscilou entre 24,8% e 75,1%, um patamar que está bem acima dos níveis recomendados, inclusive nos grupos de baixo risco para cesárea (grupos 1 a 4). Conclusões. Os hospitais de ensino no Brasil têm taxas de partos cesárea maiores que as recomendadas pela OMS para todos os grupos. É um fato preocupante porque o aprendizado é um indutor das práticas profissionais futuras. Os resultados deste estudo apontam para a importância de sistemas de informação confiáveis. O monitoramento e avaliação das cesáreas de acordo com a Classificação de Robson constituem um instrumento útil para orientar a conduta e propor ações para reduzir das taxas. Os países com altos índices de cesáreas deveriam considerar este modelo nos seus hospitais de ensino visando definir políticas para a redução das taxas.

General practice teaching promotes capacity building of community health service center: an introduction of “Zhongshan-Xidu” model / 中华全科医师杂志

The Xidu Community Health Service Center has become the first general practice outskirt teaching site of Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital since May 2015; the Fudan University Shanghai Medical College Xidu General Practice Clinical Teaching and Training Base was formally established in May 2018. For last 6 years, with the cooperation with Zhongshan Hospital the Xidu Community Health Service Center has participated in teaching and training of general practice residents and general practitioners, which also greatly promoted the development of clinical service, disease prevention and scientific research of the center itself. This article introduces the "Fudan-Xidu" integrated model and its experiences in general practice teaching, focusing on the background, the organization, teaching implementation, achievements and future prospects, to provide a reference for talent training of general practice in grassroots institutions.

Application of problem-oriented clinical thinking teaching in gastroentrology rotation for general practice in-service training / 中华全科医师杂志

Sixty general practitioners of in-service training undertaking rotation in gastroenterology department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital from July 2017 to July 2019 were randomized assigned in trial group ( n=30) and control group ( n=30). The problem-oriented mode was applied in trial group and conventional mode was applied in control group for teaching of two typical digestive diseases (upper gastrointestinal bleeding and acute pancreatitis). The formative evaluation and questionnaire survey were used to compare the teaching effects and the results of evaluation were compared with χ 2 test by SPSS 17.0 between two groups. The excellent and good rates of evaluation for the clinical psychological quality, clinical reasoning ability, doctor-patient communication ability and practice-based learning and improvement ability in trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group(χ2=7.38, P=0.03; χ2=12.96, P<0.01; χ2=23.33, P<0.01; χ2=16.14, P<0.01). Questionnaire survey showed more satisfaction towards teaching method in trial group was higher than that in control group(χ2=12.86, P<0.01); and the clinical reasoning ability, learning initiative and self-confidence in trial group were improved more markedly than those in control group(χ2=8.26, P=0.02; χ2=19.48, P<0.01; χ2=21.46, P<0.01). The problem-oriented clinical thinking teaching model demonstrates good effects on clinical comprehensive ability for general practitioners of in-service training during gastroenterology rotation, which is worth further promotion.

Effect of teacher-assisted jaw thrust maneuver on learning effectiveness of Bonfils fiberscope-guided tracheal intubation for beginners / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of teacher-assisted jaw thrust maneuver on the learning effectiveness of Bonfils fiberscope-guided tracheal intubation for the beginners.Methods:Forty-eight accompanying physicians who were receiving residents standardized training in the Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College from April, 2020 to March 2021 and served as trainees were enrolled in this study.The trainees received Bonfils fiberscope training and were randomly divided into independent group ( n=24) and assisted group ( n=24). After induction of general anesthesia, the trainees independently performed the Bonfils fiberscope-guided endotracheal intubation operation in independent group, and trainees performed the operation with the assistance of the teacher′s jaw thrust maneuver in assisted group.The success of intubation at first attempt, duration of intubation, times of teachers′ guidance and scores for trainees′ learning confidence were recorded. Results:Compared with independent group, the success rate of intubation at first attempt was significantly increased, the duration of intubation was shortened, scores for trainees′ learning confidence was increased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the times of teachers′ guidance in assisted group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:For the beginners learning Bonfils fiberscope-guided tracheal intubation, teacher-assisted jaw thrust maneuver is helpful in raising the learning effectiveness and increasing the beginners′ learning confidence.

Impacto do Programa de Reestruturação dos Hospitais de Ensino no âmbito do SUS em um hospital do Ceará / Impact of Restructuring Program of Teaching Hospitals in SUS in a Ceara hospital

Resumo Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de um hospital do interior do Estado do Ceará nos eixos normativos do Programa de Reestruturação dos Hospitais de Ensino após a contratualização com o Sistema Único de Saúde, foi realizada uma pesquisa avaliativa, descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, pautada na Avaliação de Quarta Geração de Guba e Lincoln (1989), no período de novembro de 2014 a maio de 2015. Esta pesquisa seguiu sete dos 12 passos propostos pelo círculo hermenêutico dialético, teve como sujeitos 33 respondentes, os quais foram divididos em cinco círculos hermenêutico-dialéticos. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da técnica de comparação constante, por meio da Teoria Fundamentada dos Dados e organizada a partir dos eixos normativos de hospitais de ensino e dos organizadores da Avaliação de Quarta Geração. Os resultados evidenciaram mudanças relativas aos três eixos normativos dos hospitais de ensino, com melhorias nos eixos "Gestão, Ensino e Pesquisa" e "Modelo de Alocação de Recursos Financeiros", preocupações nos eixos "Ações Estratégicas na Área da Assistência" e "Gestão, Ensino e Pesquisa" e questões não consensuadas no eixo "Ações Estratégicas na Área da Assistência".

Abstract In order to evaluate the performance of a teaching hospital in the State of Ceará after its contracting with the Unified Health System, an evaluative, descriptive and exploratory research was conducted with a qualitative approach, based on the Fourth Generation Evaluation Guba and Lincoln (1989), in a philanthropic hospital located in the interior of the state of Ceará from November 2014 to May 2015. This research followed seven of the 12 steps proposed by the dialectical hermeneutic circle, having as subjects 33 respondents divided into groups: Stakeholders of Management, Stakeholders of Assistance, and Stakeholders of Teaching and Research. In order to analyze the data, the technique of constant comparison was used, through the Structured Data Theory, and it was evidenced that after the contracting with the Unified Health System, from the Restructuring Program of the Teaching Hospitals in Brazil, the hospital in this study, progress was made in relation to the three normative axes of teaching hospitals, with advances related to partnerships with Higher Education Institutions, the work of the Monitoring Committee, and the specific funding for contracting.

Cultura de segurança do paciente em hospitais públicos de ensino: estudo comparativo / Patient safety culture in public teaching hospitals: a comparative study / Cultura de seguridad del paciente en hospitales públicos de enseñanza: un estudio comparativo

Objetivo: comparar a cultura de segurança do paciente entre equipes de enfermagem de quatro hospitais de ensino públicos do Paraná, Brasil. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, analítico, realizado em amostra representativa proporcional, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pequisa. Utilizou-se a versão eletrônica do instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture para a coleta de dados, analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial, com uso do Software Statistica Single User versão 13. As dimensões da cultura foram classificadas em forte, potencial e frágil; as diferenças foram determinadas pelo teste qui-quadrado e nível de significância p< 0,05. Resultados: entre os 376 participantes foram constatadas diferenças significativas nas dimensões Frequência de eventos notificados, Percepção de segurança, Abertura para comunicações e Apoio da gerência. Aprendizagem organizacional/melhora continuada foi a única dimensão forte identificada em todos os hospitais. Conclusão: embora observadas diferenças entre hospitais, a cultura de segurança mostra-se frágil e representa barreira à qualidade assistencial.

Objective: to compare patient safety culture of among nursing teams at four public teaching hospitals in Paraná, Brazil. Method: this cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study was conducted on a proportional representative sample, and was approved by the Ethics Commission. Data were collected using the electronic version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using the Statistica Single User software, version 13. The dimensions of culture were classified as strong, potential, and fragile; the differences were determined by the chi-square test to significance level p < 0.05. Results: significant differences were found among the 376 participants in the following dimensions: Frequency of notified events, Perception of safety, Openness to communications, and Management support. Organizational learning/continuous improvement was the only dimension identified as strong at all the hospitals. Conclusion: although differences were observed among hospitals, safety culture was fragile and constituted a barrier to the quality of nursing care.

Objetivo: comparar la cultura de seguridad del paciente entre los equipos de enfermería de cuatro hospitales públicos de enseñanza en Paraná, Brasil. Método: este estudio transversal, descriptivo y analítico se realizó sobre una muestra representativa proporcional y fue aprobado por la Comisión de Ética. Los datos fueron recolectados usando la versión electrónica de la Encuesta Hospitalaria sobre Cultura de Seguridad del Paciente, y analizados usando estadística descriptiva e inferencial, usando el software Statistica Single User, versión 13. Las dimensiones de cultura fueron clasificadas como fuerte, potencial y frágil; las diferencias se determinaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado al nivel de significancia p < 0.05. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los 376 participantes en las siguientes dimensiones: Frecuencia de eventos notificados, Percepción de seguridad, Apertura a las comunicaciones y Apoyo a la gerencia. El aprendizaje organizacional / mejora continua fue la única dimensión identificada como fuerte en todos los hospitales. Conclusión: si bien se observaron diferencias entre hospitales, la cultura de seguridad fue frágil y constituyó una barrera para la calidad de la atención de enfermería.

Indicador de qualidade: taxa de mortalidade intraoperatória e pós-operatória / Quality indicator: intraoperative and postoperative mortality rate / Indicador de calidad: tasa de mortalidad intraoperatoria y postoperatoria

Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar o indicador de qualidade de taxa de mortalidade intraoperatória e pós-operatória. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, quantitativo, com delineamento descritivo, transversal e correlação entre variáveis, realizado de janeiro a dezembro de 2017 em 18.337 prontuários. Foram utilizados métodos de estatística descritiva e inferencial, analisando-se questões de probabilidade de uma população com base nos dados da amostra. Resultados: No período estudado, houve 18.337 pacientes com taxa de mortalidade intraoperatória de 1,75%, e a referente aos sete primeiros dias de pós-operatório foi de 1,76%. Destes, 191 (58,95%) eram do sexo masculino, 32,71% dos pacientes foram classificados como American Society of Anesthesiologists III, e 80,24% das cirurgias de caráter de urgência, classificadas como limpas, tiveram tempo médio de duração de até 120 minutos. Conclusão: A taxa de mortalidade encontrada na instituição está em conformidade com os valores descritos pelo Compromisso com a Qualidade Hospitalar. Houve correlação significativa entre as variáveis: tempo de cirurgia (até 120 minutos) e caráter de urgência; e classificação da cirurgia (limpa) e período de morte (até sete dias).

Objective: To identify and characterize the quality indicator of intraoperative and postoperative mortality rate. Method: This is a retrospective, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with variable correlation, based on 18,337 medical records and conducted from January to December 2017. The methods used were descriptive and inferential statistics, with analysis of probability issues of a population according to sample data. Results: In the study period, 18,337 patients underwent surgery, with a mortality rate of 1.75% in the intraoperative period and 1.76% in the first seven postoperative days. Among them, 191 (58.95%) were men, and 32.71% were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists class III; 80.24% of urgent surgeries, considered clean, had a mean duration of up to 120 minutes. Conclusion: The mortality rate found in the facility is in accordance with the values described by the Commitment to Hospital Quality. The following variables showed a significant correlation: operative time (up to 120 minutes) and urgent surgery; and surgical contamination (clean) and death period (up to seven days).

Objetivo: Identificar el indicador de calidad de las tasas de mortalidad intraoperatoria y posoperatoria. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, cuantitativo, con diseño descriptivo, transversal y correlación entre variables, realizado de enero a diciembre de 2017 en 18.337 registros. Se utilizaron métodos de estadística descriptiva e inferencial, analizando la probabilidad de una población a partir de los datos muestrales. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio, hubo 18.337 pacientes, con una tasa de mortalidad intraoperatoria del 1,75%, y la de los primeros siete días postoperatorios del 1,76%. De estos, 191 (58,95%) eran hombres, 32,71% de los pacientes fueron clasificados como American Society of Anesthesiologists III, 80,24% de las cirugías urgentes, clasificadas como limpias, tuvieron una duración media de hasta 120 minutos. Conclusión: La tasa de mortalidad encontrada en la Institución está de acuerdo con los valores descritos por el Compromiso con la Calidad Hospitalaria. Hubo una correlación significativa entre las variables: tiempo de cirugía (hasta 120 minutos) y urgencia; clasificación de cirugía (limpia) y período de muerte (hasta 7 días).

Perfil e trajetória profissional dos egressos da residência médica em Oftalmologia do Estado de Alagoas / Profile and professional career of graduates from the Alagoas State Ophthalmology residency program

Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil dos egressos de Programas de Residência Médica em Oftalmologia no Estado de Alagoas, quanto à sua formação e prática profissional. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de paradigma quantitativo, desenvolvido a partir de questionário autoaplicável enviado aos médicos egressos do programa de residência em Oftalmologia do Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes (HUPAA/UFAL) que finalizaram a residência nos últimos 10 anos. Resultados: Dos 28 ex-residentes, 27 responderam ao questionário. Foram predominantemente mulheres (70,4%), jovens (média 35,92±4,05 anos), de naturalidade alagoana (51,8%), com graduação em instituições públicas (81,5%). A maioria se fixou em Maceió e região metropolitana (51,8%) e trabalha em ambulatórios privados (92,6%), com pouca atuação na gestão (14.8%) e docência (7,4%). Mais da metade não possui titulação de especialista pelo Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (59,3%) e realizou programa de complementação especializada tipo "fellowship" (74%). Apenas 7,4% realiza atividades em pesquisa e 3.7% possui mestrado. No geral, os egressos estudados estão satisfeitos com o exercício da especialidade (100%) e com sua formação na instituição (86,3%), sugerindo melhora na assistência cirúrgica e ensino teórico (29,7%). Conclusão: A avaliação da realidade e atuação profissional dos egressos e de suas percepções foi capaz de levantar o perfil de escolhas profissionais e condições de inserção e satisfação profissional. Também permitiu avaliação externa complementar da instituição formadora, fornecendo subsídios para melhoria da qualidade dos programas de residência médica em Oftalmologia.

Abstract Objective: To characterize the profile of graduates of Medical Residency Programs in Ophthalmology in the state of Alagoas, regarding their training and professional practice. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study developed from a self-administered questionnaire sent to doctors who graduated from the Ophthalmology residency program at the Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital (HUPAA / UFAL) who completed their residency in the last 10 years. Results: Of the 28 former residents, 27 responded to the questionnaire. They are predominantly women (70.4%), young (average 35.92 ± 4.05 years), born in the State of Alagoas (51.8%), graduated from public institutions (81.5%). Most settled in Maceió and the metropolitan region (51.8%) and work in private outpatient clinics (92.6%), with little experience in management (14.8%) and teaching (7.4%). More than half do not have a specialist degree from the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (59.3%) and carried out a specialized fellowship complementation program (74%). Only 7.4% carry out research activities and 3.7% have a master's degree. In general, the studied graduates are satisfied with the exercise of the specialty (100%) and with their training at the institution (86.3%), suggesting an improvement in surgical care and theoretical teaching (29.7%). Conclusion: The evaluation of the reality and professional performance of the graduates and their perceptions was able to raise the profile of professional choices and conditions of insertion and professional satisfaction. It also allowed complementary external evaluation of the training institution, providing subsidies for improving the quality of ophthalmology medical residency programs.

Physical and financial participation of teaching hospitals in private care in São Paulo - Brasil

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the physical and financial participation of private health insurance beneficiaries in the TH located in the State of Sao Paulo, regarding the care of Brazilian Unique Health System patients, in the year 2017. METHODS The research data were obtained from the System of Evaluation of the Teaching Hospitals (SAHE), of the State Department of Health of São Paulo (SES/SP). RESULTS It was observed that, on average, the TH analyzed provide 17% of their operational vacancies for the Supplementary Health System, and that the financial return is better in the philanthropic ones. CONCLUSIONS The health care services provided by TH deserve to be deepened, evaluating the real advantages obtained in the provision of services, given that supplementary health care requires differentiated infrastructure, and mainly the knowledge of operational costs in order to stipulate the procedures' price.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a participação física e financeira do atendimento aos beneficiários de planos privados de saúde nos Hospitais de Ensino (HE) do Estado de São Paulo (ESP), em relação ao atendimento a pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde, no ano de 2018. MÉTODOS os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos do Sistema de Avaliação dos Hospitais de Ensino (SAHE), da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo e do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) do Ministério da Saúde. RESULTADOS observou-se que, em média os HE analisados ofertam 18,7% dos leitos operacionais para a Saúde Suplementar (SS), e que o retorno financeiro é melhor nos filantrópicos. CONCLUSÕES o atendimento a planos de saúde pelos HE merece ser aprofundado, avaliando-se as reais vantagens obtidas na prestação dos serviços e que o atendimento à SS exige infraestrutura diferenciada, e, principalmente o conhecimento de custos operacionais para estipulação de preços dos procedimentos.

Post-discharge surveillance of surgical site infections in teaching hospitals in Brazil / Vigilância pós-alta hospitalar das infecções do sítio cirúrgico em hospitais universitários do Brasil / Vigilancia post alta hospitalaria de las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en hospitales universitarios de Brasil

Abstract Objective: Understanding the reality of surgical site infections post-discharge surveillance in Brazilian teaching hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted by sending an online questionnaire to nurses from the Hospital Infection Control Committee of Brazilian teaching hospitals registered in the National Registry of Health Establishments. Results: Of the 193 teaching hospitals in Brazil, eight declined to take part as they did not conduct post-discharge surveillance and 36 did not respond. Twenty five of the remaining 149 hospitals provided detailed responses and 96% of responding institutions performed surgical site infection surveillance during hospitalization; active search (29.3%) was the main method, while 84% reported performing post-discharge surveillance mainly by telephone (42.8%). Both surveillance actions have nurses as the main responsible professionals. Conclusion: Nurses play a prominent role in surgical site infection identification/screening actions, and active search during hospitalization allied with post-discharge surveillance by telephone were the preferred methods.

Resumo Objetivo: Compreender a realidade da vigilância pós-alta hospitalar das infecções do sítio cirúrgico em hospitais universitários brasileiros. Método: Estudo transversal conduzido por envio de um questionário on-line para enfermeiros do Comitê de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar dos hospitais universitários brasileiros registrados no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Resultados: Dos 193 hospitais universitários do Brasil, oito declinaram participar, já que não fazem vigilância pós-alta, e 36 não responderam. Vinte e cinco dos 149 hospitais restantes forneceram respostas detalhadas e 96% das instituições que responderam realizavam vigilância das infecções do sítio cirúrgico durante a hospitalização; a busca ativa (29,3%) foi o método principal, ao passo que 84% relataram realizar vigilância pós-alta basicamente por telefone (42,8%). Ambas as ações de vigilância tiveram os enfermeiros como os principais profissionais responsáveis. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros têm um papel proeminente nas ações de identificação/triagem das infecções do sítio cirúrgico, e a busca ativa durante a hospitalização aliada à vigilância por telefone pós-alta foram os métodos preferenciais.

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender la realidad de la vigilancia post alta hospitalaria de las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en hospitales universitarios brasileños. Método: Estudio transversal realizado mediante el envío de un cuestionario en línea a los enfermeros del Comité de Control de Infección Hospitalaria de los hospitales universitarios brasileños inscritos en el Registro Nacional de Establecimientos Sanitarios. Resultados: De los 193 hospitales universitarios de Brasil, ocho declinaron participar, puesto que no hacen vigilancia post alta, y 36 no respondieron. Veinticinco de los 149 hospitales restantes proporcionaron respuestas detalladas y el 96% de los centros que respondieron realizaban vigilancia de las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico durante la hospitalización; la búsqueda activa (29,3%) fue el método principal, mientras que el 84% relataron llevar a cabo vigilancia post alta básicamente por teléfono (42,8%). Ambas acciones de vigilancia tuvieron a los enfermeros como los principales profesionales responsables. Conclusión: Los enfermeros juegan un rol prominente en las acciones de identificación/cribado de las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico, y la búsqueda activa durante la hospitalización aliada a la vigilancia por teléfono fueron los métodos preferentes.